2026 · conference
What Are You Really Asking For? A Comparative 5W1H Analysis of Learner Questioning in CPR Training with IVAs in Screen-based and Augmented Reality Environments
Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsTop-tier
ACM CHI — the top-tier conference in human-computer interaction.
Abstract
Question-asking is one of the key indicators of cognitive engagement. However, understanding how the distinct psychological affordances of presentation media shape learners’ spoken inquiries with embodied Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) remains limited. To systematically examine this process, we propose a 5W1H-based framework for analyzing learner questions. Using this framework, we conducted a user study comparing an Augmented Reality-based IVA (AR-IVA) deployed in the physical environment with a screen-based IVA (Video-IVA) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction. Results showed that the AR-IVA elicited higher spatial and social presence and promoted more frequent and longer questions focused on clarification and understanding. In contrast, the Video-IVA encouraged questions regarding procedural refinement. Presence acted as a selective filter, shaping the timing and …
Citation
@inproceedings{park2026what,
title = {What Are You Really Asking For? A Comparative 5W1H Analysis of Learner Questioning in CPR Training with IVAs in Screen-based and Augmented Reality Environments},
author = {Hyerim Park and Jinseok Hong and Heejeong Ko and Woontack Woo},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems},
year = {2026},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3772318.3791977},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3772318.3791977}
}